Leni Riefenstahls Triumph of the Will

Film/Cinema, with regards to motion pictures and narratives, is an advanced visual fine art that has had extraordinary effect on our day by day life for mankind has significantly been influenced by what it sees and hears by means of film or the movie experience. It uses the idea of basic narrating by means of a hypnotizing specialized medium and its capacity to impact is established in the use of pictures/impressions and symbolism. Film has a social too aesthetic function.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Leni Riefenstahl’s Triumph of the Will explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although the interest for innovative amusement is at an unequaled high, enthusiasm for the real factors of the world is likewise on the ascent. Narratives address this intrigue since they are contained genuine individuals, world occasions, spots, and social conditions †reporting history, reality. English producer, John Grierson first begat the term in 1926. Be fore 1926, such movies were alluded to as â€Å"actuality† films and went ahead the scene at the turn of the twentieth century also. Like American executive, D.W. Griffith’s film The Birth of a Nation/The Clansman (1915), German movie producer Leni Riefenstahl’s Triumph of the Will (1934) was viewed as marvelous/imaginative and earth shattering for narrative filmmaking around then. Triumph collected her the honor as one of the best female producers ever however generally scandalous. Chronicling the Nazi Party Congress held in Nuremberg (1934), Triumph of the Will (1935) slung the narrative as method of promulgation intended to explicitly contend a point and impact general sentiment. â€Å"Documentary film is personally attached to chronicled memory. In addition to the fact that it seeks to recreate recorded story, yet it regularly works as an authentic report itself. Additionally, the association between the talk of narrative film and recorded truth drives the narrative into unmistakably political arrangements which impact its crowd (1993Rabinowitw).† Triumph of the Will lionized Germany as a common superpower with Hitler in charge as the credible pioneer/savoir. This central topical message can be found in opening introduction †â€Å"20 years after the episode of the World War, 16 years after the start of German anguish, 19 months after the start of the German renaissance, Adolf Hitler flew again to Nuremberg to survey the segments of his dependable supporters (Triumph).† The initial scene further validates the message with an ethereal perspective on Hitler’s plane flying through the superb mists and over different pieces of Germany. He at last shows up in Nuremberg welcomed by overjoyed supporters. The outcome of war is a people profoundly, intellectually, and truly discouraged and uncouth. Riefenstahl’s progressive utilization of cinematography (zooming focal points, elevated photography, moving cameras, and so on.) and music (German author, Richard Wagner) exemplifies this raising German Renaissance which has liberated the German individuals from such a situation. It clarifies their obsession with Hitler.Advertising Looking for article on history? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Throughout the narrative German battle ready force, political religion, solidarity, and pride are featured. With these four components as a vital power, one can't discover a qualification between the German individuals, the state, and the Nazi Party. Riefenstahl passionately denied the film filled in as a purposeful publicity apparatus for the Nazi Party yet rather was a verifiable film told through a tasteful focal point. Numerous pundits imply in an unexpected way. Similarly as Birth of a Nation smelled of bigot negative/cliché depiction of African-Americans and molded the America’s public’s demeanor/picture about race, Triumph ad ded to uplifted negative view of European Jewry and hostile to Semitism. Hitler’s success for German virtue exudes from his discourses too those of his included comrades †Goring, Goebbels, and so on. Could Riefenstahl have been that naã ¯ve and oblivious in regards to Hitler’s twisted prepares? Objectivity has meaning yet as a general rule it is incredibly impacted by the filmmaker’s perspective through recognitions, feelings, and so forth in this manner deciding the degree they can be one-sided or incline their perspective. Do the trick to state, Triumph of the Will validated that film can impact just as change how individuals see themselves, parts of their general public/culture just as different people groups and their way of life. Work Cited Rabinowitz, Paula. â€Å"Wreckage upon Wreckage: History, Documentary and the Ruins of Memory.† History and Theory, Vol. 32, No. 2. (May, 1993), pp. 119-137. Triumph of the Will (Video). Web. This paper on Leni Riefenstahl’s Triumph of the Will was composed and put together by client Kyle Hart to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; notwithstanding, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

A separate piece :: essays research papers

A. Title and Author - A Separate Peace by John Knowles B. Story Setting - The story begins at the Devon school, which is a private academy in New Britain at 1958. Be that as it may, the remainder of the story happens through a flashback of his days when he was an understudy at Devon during 1943. C. Primary Characters - Gene Forrester - Gene is the storyteller of the novel and shows up at two distinctive timeframes: as a moderately aged man returning to Devon fifteen years subsequent to being an understudy there, and, for most of the novel, as a sixteen and seventeen-year-old understudy during World War II. The tale is written in the past tense, and we expect that Gene's portrayal is activated by his re-appearance of his outdated when he is thirty-two. Furthermore, despite the fact that the more established storyteller appears long past the passionate disturbance that denoted his student days, the occasions of his years at Devon are told as though they were happening in the present, as though our storyteller were as yet sixteen years of age. The Quality that we experience for the greater part of the novel is, in the same way as other of his cohorts, at a liminal stage in his life-the puberty among childhood and masculinity. This progress is additionally underlined by the war, Gene being in the last long periods of opportunity before the assaults of a universal war can lawfully guarantee him. Ostensibly Gene is one of the top understudies in his group and a capable competitor. These qualities win him regard nearby and, above all, the companionship of Phineas, whom Gene regards more than any of his individual cohorts. Be that as it may, deep down, Gene is tormented by the darker powers of human instinct, powers that go after the choppiness of youth. Quality's profound respect furthermore, love for Finny is adjusted and damaged by his furious desire of him, by a profound uncertainty in himself, and, in view of his frailty, a need to contend with and "defeat" his companion no matter what. Quality's inside enthusiastic fights are the significant wellspring of contention and strain in the novel. Phineas - Called Finny by his schoolmates, Phineas is Gene's nearest buddy at Devon and, for our storyteller, the focal point of the novel. Finny is five feet eight and a half inches tall and gauges one hundred fifty pounds. Undoubtedly, Finny is the superhuman miracle of games and physical agreement at Devon, far outperforming any opposition from his colleagues, Gene notwithstanding. Furthermore, Finny's physical ability coordinates that of his character he is an alluring, pleasant, and convincing youngster.

Which Payment Provider to Choose for Your Online Business

Which Payment Provider to Choose for Your Online Business © Shutterstock.com | City of AngelsIn this article, you will discover 1) an introduction to payment providers, 2) the importance of selecting a payment provider for your online business, 3) a step-by-step process for selecting a payment provider for your business, and 4) payment providers comparison.INTRODUCTION TO PAYMENT PROVIDERSWhat is online payment?An online payment is processed electronically over a computer network, usually the internet.As a business owner who conducts business online, you would surely have felt the need to use a payment method that is secure and reassuring. Online payment is the perfect answer. Every day, more and more businesses are adding online payment as a viable option apart from traditional cash and check transactions.Components of online paymentsPayment Gateways: A payment gateway is an e-commerce service that accepts the various payment requests from your website and channels it to the payment processor for processing. Payment gateways bring in a lo t of security features for your customers, like data encryption, and ensures that data is securely exchanged both between the customer and the merchant and between the merchant and the payment processor.Payment Processors: As the name suggests, a payment processor validates customers bank accounts, credit or debit cards, checks to see if there is a sufficient balance, and authorizes the transactions. Once transactions are authorized, the funds are debited from the customers account and transferred back to the payment gateway.Payment Service or Payment System: A payment service or a payment system is a service offered by payment providers that allows the customer to choose from different types of payment gateways. Credit cards have historically been the most preferred form of payment. However, other types of payment methods, such as smartcards, are gaining popularity.Payment Provider: A payment provider (also known as a payment service provider) is a company that manages all the serv ices related to online payment, like payment gateways and payment processors. A typical payment provider is simultaneously connected to several banks, cards and payment networks. Payment providers can be classified into three types:Distributors: A distributor is a payment provider that supports multiple online payment methods via a single interface.Collectors: A collector is similar in function to a distributor. However, collectors additionally collect payouts on your behalf without setting commission rates or fees.Aggregators: An aggregator supports multiple online payment methods via a single interface, collects payouts and contracts with banks or financial institutions.Merchant Account: A merchant account is a specialized account used to receive funds from online transactions via credit card or debit card. A merchant account often utilizes the services of payment processors, independent sales organizations and member service providers to perform transactions.How online transactio ns workOnce you have decided to sell your goods online, you will first need to hook up with a merchant account, although services like PayPal negate their use. Next, you will need to set up an account with a payment service provider. The final step is to set up your web page and connect it to an online payment service by placing a button or a simple hyperlink that your customer can press/click on to initiate online payment. While some websites incorporate the payment form in their web pages, others redirect it to their service providers website.Trusted online payment providersThere is an unending list of payment providers available. However, when you consider the most trusted ones, this list narrows down quite a bit. Below are some of the most widely-used online payment providers.Authorize.Net: With a customer base of over 400,000 and growing, Authorize.Net is one of the worlds leading payment providers. This service allows you to receive payments in the form of electronic checks an d credit cards. The Setup fee is a very nominal USD $49, with an additional USD $29 gateway fee chargeable every month.PayPal: A venture of the famous Elon Musk, PayPal is a very popular payment provider. The service allows both credit card and debit card transactions. However, the best part is that PayPal is entirely free there is no set-up charge, no gateway fee and no other monthly charges.SecurePay.com: SecurePay.com accepts mobile payments, has an online shopping cart set up and offers electronic check services. Fees are charged per transaction.Alipay: Alipay is a third party online payment provider founded by Jack Ma of Alibaba.com. Alipay does not charge any transaction fees and has the added advantage of an escrow service, which allows you to verify if your customers are actually happy with the product, before they release the payment.BitPay: With an increasing global presence, BitPay is one of the largest Bitcoin-based payment providers. BitPay has, over the last couple of years, partnered with multinational giants like Microsoft, NewEgg, TigerDirect, and Warner Bros.THE IMPORTANCE OF SELECTING A PAYMENT PROVIDER FOR YOUR ONLINE BUSINESSWhy do you need a payment provider at all?An online business is virtually impossible to conduct without the assistance of a payment provider. There are a few key reasons why you will need to use the services of a proficient payment provider.To meet and exceed customer expectations: Your customers are only human they always favor buying things from a site that makes it easy for them to pay. An online payment option is vital in the sense that customers view it as one of the easiest and most comfortable modes of payment. A website with an online payment method is always seen as up-to-the-minute and customer-friendly.To increase processing speed: It is undeniable that an online payment system significantly enhances payment processing speed. Online payments are far quicker than manual payment methods you dont have to wai t for the check to turn up and then for it to clear at the bank. Adopting an online payment option will deliver the payment to your account in a matter of a few seconds, thus enhancing cash It also secures your transactions by sending immediate confirmation messages. In addition, having an online payment option lets you know immediately that the customer has a sufficient bank balance, unlike manual transactions where checks may bounce later on.To simplify payment transactions: Online payment systems greatly simplify the transaction process. It doesnt require you to go to your bank to deposit the check, nor does it require you to manually record all payment transactions. All online transactions are automatically processed and all transactions are recorded and available for perusal on demand. You are also not required to handle or store any information pertaining to your customers credit and debit cards.A STEP-BY-STEP PROCESS FOR SELECTING A PAYMENT PROVIDER FOR YOUR BUSINESSBelow, we describe in detail, the steps you need to take to select the payment provider that works best for your business.Step 1: Understand what restrictions you have depending on what platform you use (is the payment gateway supported on  your ecommerce platform?).Since there are so many options in payment providers available, it becomes necessary to peruse and understand which ones are supported on your ecommerce platform. But its not enough that the payment system is supported on your platform you will need to browse through various additional features, like plug-ins, to decide on what payment provider to finally settle.Step 2: Select between Shopping Carts vs. Merchant Accounts.There are a lot of things to consider and know about how your ecommerce platform is structured before you can really decide what credit card payment options you are able to offer your customers. However, it is safe to state here that a merchant account is absolutely necessary for you to accept online payments. E ven though your website host is most likely to provide you some in-built shopping cart options, these alone arent enough for you to accept payments without a compatible merchant account.Your best bet might be to consider an all-in-one payment system, e.g., PayPal. These systems allow you to have both a shopping cart and a merchant account as part of a comprehensive plan. This virtually eliminates the need to have separate accounts, and since you will be paying for all the options as a single package, it saves you money too.Step 3: Understand the difference between payment gateways and merchant accounts, and define for your business whether you want to have payment gateways, merchant accounts or an all-in-one system.As a start-up seller, ready to go online, you will need to understand the basics of ecommerce and use your knowledge to set up a shop. It is important to understand the differences between payment gateways, payment processors and merchant accounts. You can then use your a cquired knowledge to analyze what works best for your business payment gateways with merchant accounts, or an all-in-one system.There are several options available on the market for payment gateways and payment processors they offer different features and options and have varying monthly rates, transaction costs and other charges.Step 4: Determine how you want your checkout to work.At this stage, you will want to think of a checkout strategy that works with your type of business and especially, the kind of customer base you plan to target. It may be beneficial for you to have your customers enter their payment details directly on your website. In that case, you will have to follow the following steps:Provide a payment form on your site. This is possibly one of the simplest ways to accept payment. However, this is also one of the least secure payment methods. So, in order to safely use this system, you will need to put a lot of security measures in place, which will, of course, not be cost efficient over the long term.Use iFrame or redirect. A better and more secure way of using a checkout form on your website is to encase it in a secure iFrame within your payment webpage. Another secure way would be to redirect the customer to a securely hosted payment page.Use a secure payment gateway. A secure payment gateway allows you to still use your own payment form on your website, but it channels the payment details through a secure route to the payment gateways own server.There are several types of payment gateways:Type 1 Hosted Payment GatewaysType 2 Pro / Self-Hosted Payment GatewaysType 3 API / Non-Hosted Payment Gateways Payments at Merchant’s siteType 4 Local Bank IntegrationType 5 Direct Payment GatewayType 6 â€" Platform-Based Payment Gateway SolutionsStep 5: Select the payment provider that supports specific payment methods you want to have for your business.There are various criteria that can help you settle on a payment provider, but it is mostly for your customers, whose needs you have to consider before you make that decision. So, based on your customers preferences and more importantly, their geographical location, you would have to decide whether it would be better to go for niche payment methods or stick to conventional ones like Visa and MasterCard. It is important to understand your customers needs or you will end up losing valuable sales prospects. Some payment methods that you can incorporate into your ecommerce platform are:Cash on DeliveryChecksCredit CardsDebit CardsDirect DebitsE-WalletsGift / Loyalty CardsInvoicesMobile Carrier BillingPrepaid CardsSpecialsStep 6: Select a payment provider based on what countries and in what currency (transaction and settlement currencies) your online business will be active.When dealing with global customers, it is important to understand that people prefer to pay in the currency of their country, and do not usually like to go through the hassles of having to convert to dollars or Euros, etc. when making a payment. It is always a big advantage if you are able to offer to your customers the option to pay in their own currencies. Also, its always better to have more than one payment option to offer your customers, especially if you are catering to a global audience.There are two things to base your selection of a payment provider on, when dealing with global customers:Base it on countries an online payment provider supports (Geographical Region Compatibility)Base it on currencies an online payment provider supports (Currency Compatibility)transaction currency this is the ability of your payment provider to accept various currencies like USD, Euro, GBP, Yen, etc.settlement currency this refers to the setting up of bank accounts in all the countries where you intend to operate, so as to facilitate acceptance of multiple currencies. Making such efforts to set up various settlement currency options will allow you to receive payment from your payment provider and route it to the applicable bank accounts, so that there is no need for any currency conversion.Step 7: Select your payment provider based on the fee system (fixed vs. variable) and given your budget.Fee Structure: Fees can be of the following types:Monthly feeFixed fee (per transaction)Variable fee (as a percentage of each transaction)Extra fee for chargebacks and international credit card transactions.To understand in detail what fee structure works best for you, it would be best for you to do some research online.Volume of Purchases (Volume Support): It is important to analyze beforehand what kind of purchase volumes you can expect for your ecommerce platform. Sales volumes are an essential factor in deciding what payment system would be best suited for your business. It is important to state here that in the case of most payment providers, the percentage fee charged decreases with an increase in the number of transactions.Recurring Payment Support: While most payment provider s support recurring payments, a few such as PayPal and Google Wallet do not support it. Also, most third-party software installed on your ecommerce platform arent likely to support recurring payments either. If your platform provides options such as automatic membership fees renewal, it is best to opt for a payment provider that provides recurring payment support.Step 8: Research security, compliance and anti-fraud features.It is imperative to add sound security features to your ecommerce platform so that fraudulent transactions are negated. A good, albeit underrated, feature would be to add 3D Secure to your website. It prevents fraudulent transactions from occurring and is a boon, especially when you have customers from the UK and Scandinavian countries.Also, if you are in a high-risk business, it would be your best bet to research the market for payment providers that specialize in high-risk payment processing.Last but not the least, you need to make sure that your payment provid er is PCI compliant. A non-PCI compliant payment provider can be dangerous to your business.PAYMENT PROVIDERS COMPARISONPaypalHow much does it cost? PayPal starts at 2.9% plus $0.30 per transaction.How does it work? One of the most popular payment processors, PayPal offers perks, such as a free card reader to enable mobile devices to accept card payments. Plus, with increasing monthly sales volumes, PayPal reduces the percentage of per-transaction fees. PayPal also offers Advanced and Pro plans with added features to woo your customers.Authorize.netHow much does it cost? net has a $99 setup fee and costs you $20 per month plus $0.10 per transaction and $0.25 per settled batch.How does it work? If yours is a high-volume business, then it would make sense to go for Authorize.net. The payment plan is standard for all customers. Authorize.net also offers a mobile app for receiving payments, but does not offer a card reader, unlike PayPal. The setup fee is one-time only and monthly fees areIntuit GoPaymentHow much does it cost? Intuit GoPayment starts at 2.75% per transaction. There is also a cheaper option of only $0.50 per transaction with zero monthly fees.How does it work? Intuit GoPayment allows integration with QuickBooks to simplify accounting and transaction management. It offers cheaper options for customers who make high dollar transactions.Comparison of Online Payment GatewaysPrice: While payment gateways like BeanStream, Dwolla, SagePay, Stripe, WePay and PayPal (regular) do not charge any monthly fees at all, certain gateways with enhanced features like PayPal Pro, Chargify and Authorize.net do charge monthly fees.Currency Support: PayPal supports up to 20 currency types, SagePay supports 19, while Stripe supports five.Top Ecommerce Platforms and Shopping Cart SoftwareSome of the top ecommerce platforms and shopping carts are Shopify, Volusion, Bigcommerce, LemonStand, SquareSpace and 3DCart. Of these, Shopify is the most popular. Shopify offers a free trial, starts from only $14.00, is SEO-friendly, has an app store and offline store, and provides round-the-clock support.

Essay On The French Revolution And American Revolution

The American and French Revolutions are both unforgettable historical events that have made a substantial and severe impact on the present-day society. The American Revolution was an influential time period, lasting from 1774-1783, where the 13 British colonies in the Americas rebelled against the rule of Great Britain for independence. The French Revolution was a period of chaos from 1789 to 1799, where the people of France tried to overthrow their monarchy, King Louis XVI. Both of these Revolutions can certainly be compared to emphasized the similarities and differences of these prominent uprisings. Though extensively similar, the Revolutions differed in what social classes made impacts, the ways of addressing opposing supporters, and†¦show more content†¦The lower-class citizens of France are those responsible for the outcome of the French Revolution. Overall, the French and American Revolution have different social classes that stressed the idea of freedom most and put their thoughts into actions. The American Revolution was not only shorter, but did not cost the Americans nearly as many lives throughout the war. The Americans viewed the life of their own people as a privilege that can be used to their advantage. In fact, the Continental Army included male colonists of a certain age that were required to join. Likewise, the Loyalists, those who supported Britain, were not killed and were left alone. Both of these examples show that the Americans saw that they would achieve greater success by putting their full focus on achieving independence from Britain, rather than executions. The more-radical and longer French Revolution, was more harsh and caused numerous amounts of people to be killed, sometimes for no true purpose. Under Robespierre, ruler of the National Convention and Public Safety Committee, the Terror Laws were passed, which stated that anyone who went against the revolution would be executed. Now, those who supported the king were immediately taken to the guillotin e to be publicly beheaded. According to Wikipedia, as many as 40,000 men and women were killed from the beginning to the end of the French Revolution. Another contrast betweenShow MoreRelatedAmerican and French Revolution - Essay1419 Words   |  6 PagesEssay Exam #1 1. The leaders of both the American and French Revolutions declared that their goal was to create a new political system based on the principles of liberty and equality. However, the interpretation of those ideas by the American Founding Fathers turned out to be distinctly different from that of the French revolutionaries. How did those different interpretations of the concepts of liberty and equality affect the outcomes and the legacies of both revolutions? Analyze, compare, and contrastRead MoreEssay on Comparing The French Revolution and The American Revolution1339 Words   |  6 PagesA revolution, by definition, is the overthrow of one government followed by replacement with another. The American Revolution against the British during 1775 to 1783 and the French Revolution pitting the French people against their own government during 1789 to 1799 were both very important political and social turnovers. This movement towards the establishment of a constitutional government influenced political thought throughout the world. By closely examining three of the main causes of theseRead MoreComparative Essay On The American And French Revolutions1486 Words   |  6 Pages3.1 Short Paper: Comparative Essay on the American and French Revolutions 1.) Why does the United States come out its revolution with a republic instead of a monarchy? Why do the French wind up with an Emperor Napoleon but the United States does not have a King George of the House of Washington? There are moments in our history where the citizens of the world stand up and for their beliefs, their honor, and themselves. They come together to reform the existing government that is holding themRead More The American and French Revolutions Essay2788 Words   |  12 PagesThe American and French Revolutions During the late 1700s, two great revolutions occurred, the American Revolution and the French Revolution. These two historical events happened at the same time, but had a great number of differences and very little similarity. When French Revolution occurred, it turned into a very violent and bloody event, while the American Revolution was almost nonviolent, aside from the war. In 1774, King Louis XVI made a decision that could have prevented the FrenchRead MoreComparing the French Revolution and the American Revolution Essay example857 Words   |  4 Pages The French and American revolutions are both very significant in the world’s history. The American Revolution happened first, around the last half of the 18th century where the Thirteen Colonies became the United States of America, and gained independence from the British Empire. The French revolution on the other hand, was from 1789 until the turn of the century 1799. For the French people this was a per iod of political and social turmoil. The idea of Enlightenment stuck a large populationRead MoreEnglish, American, and French Revolutions Essay804 Words   |  4 PagesRevolutions English, American, and French   Ã‚     The three most prominent revolutions in recent western history are The English Glorious Revolution, The American Revolution, and The French Revolution. The despite these events being separated by nearly a century, several thousand miles, or both, all three of the revolutions share the same causes, were brought forth by the same idealism, and had similar outcomes in which a document was produced to secure the rights and freedoms for the futureRead MoreEssay on Comparison of the American and French Revolutions1022 Words   |  5 PagesComparison of the American and French Revolutions The American and French revolutions both compare and contrast in their origins and outcomes; both revolutions began due to the common peoples need to obtain independence and liberty from an oppressive government. The American Revolution was triggered by the American colonists need for financial independence from the overpowering nation of Great Britain, while the French revolution was a struggle to gain social equality among the masses. AlthoughRead MoreThe Economics of the French and American Revolution Essay1020 Words   |  5 PagesThe American and French Revolutions were profoundly motivated by economics. Prior to the Revolution, British colonies in America were thriving. Colonists paid fairly few taxes and were permitted to participate in domestic economic activity, granted they adhere to the Navigation Act, an act requiring, â€Å"that all trade within the empire be conducted on ships which were constructed, owned and largely manned by British citizens. Certain enumerated go ods whether exported or imported by the colonies hadRead MoreEssay On The Causes Of The French And American Revolution1061 Words   |  5 PagesThe American, French, Haitian, and Mexican revolutions are epitomes of responsible citizens advocating for social and political upheaval in hopes of saving and furthering their states. These revolutions, more than others, exemplify nations that rebelled against governments which maliciously abused their power. The American Revolution focused on achieving independence from Britain, as Britain abused their power by unfairly taxing colonists. The Mexican Revolution concentrated on eliminating dictatorshipRead MoreComparing the American and French Revolutions Essay1859 Words   |  8 PagesThe American and the French revolutions had many similarities and differences. One similarity being is that they both wanted to escape the rule of their King. Second, they both started by an uprising of people against unfair taxation by the monarchy. The Fre nch peasants were not represented by the Parliament. It was mainly composed of middle and upper class people. Now, the American colonists were not represented in England because of their lack of presence. Both wanted to set up a Republic, which

Peter P A Story Of Our Childhood - 1216 Words

Peter Pan is a fairy story of our childhood. I am attractive in fairy tale with magic and mystery so Peter Pan is my choice for this project. Nowadays, Peter Pan is not only a fantasy story for children but also a story which gives adult happiness and the memories about their childhood. The famous fantasy novel from J.M.Barrie was adapted into a movie. Peter Pan is a story take place in Neverland, where is an imaginary land. The story is about the interesting adventures of Peter Pan, Wendy, Michael, and John. Peter Pan is my favorite charecter. He is a free spirited and mischievous young boy who can fly and never grows up. Peter Pan spends his never-ending adventures in Neverland, he is the leader of the lost†¦show more content†¦Peter drifts out to the sea, Wendy shoots up with Tinker Bell, Michael and John fly somewhere. Wendy follow Tinker Bell while Tinker Bell felt jealous and want to do bad thing to Wendy. There are 6 lost boys on the land. Tootles, who often accidenta lly misses out on the best adventures. Next in Nibs, carefree boy. Sightly, who loves to dance and to reminisce about his earthly life. Curly, who tends to get in trouble. Finally, Twins, who looks exactly the same, therefone, thay are always a little embarrassed. They all looking for Peter Pan, Next come the pirates, ugly, tattooed and murdered. Captain Hook is awful but handsome, he fears nothing but his own blood. Next come is Piccaninmy tribe. Their leader is a beautiful princess Tiger Lily. Wendy met 6 lost boys, they built house for her as she askes them to. They beg her to be their mom and she agrees. She let them come in and reads them a story, they happily fall asleep. The next day Peter Pan makes the place to sleep for Michael, John, Wendy. Wendy spends time to take care of the boys. Wendy knows her parent will keep the window open for them to return but she worries her brothers will forget about their house, so she gives the boy quizzes of their own house. Only Peter does n t join in the game because he don t know how to read. Peter Pan lists several adventures is the other game. They all start to tell their adventures in the other game. The other afternoon, they are fighting with Hook and theShow MoreRelatedEvil991 Words   |  4 Pages†¦ Divorced, Beheaded, Survived The story, Divorced, Beheaded, Survived, takes place in two different settings. The first (The flashbacks) setting we get introduced to is the childhood neighborhood of Sarah and her older brother Terry. We hear about them and their friends, and how they used to play together in the game of playing the Tudors (old English royal family). The flashbacks are between the years 1973 and 1974. The second setting is taking place in the present time, in the home of Sarah,Read MoreGovernment-Subsidized Food1201 Words   |  5 Pagesseen by children are for foods high in sugar, fat, or sodium, and that one thirty-second commercial can influence the brand preferences of children as young as two† (Kalafa 3). It is cruelly ironic that the same White House that is trying to combat childhood obesity is the same one that spends billions of dollars every year on food subsidies which are used to create unhealthy foods. Yet, government-subsidized food is not a worst-case scenario. One study repo rts that, â€Å"In 2009, more than 50 million personsRead MoreThe Effects Of Processed Food On Obesity1490 Words   |  6 PagesHigh School Everyday in America the average citizen consumes three to five pounds of food each day (Andrew). The question is â€Å"What exactly are they eating?† The most common food an American consumes is processed food. At least 70 percent of our calories we intake come from processed foods (Warner, 2013, XV). Yes, processed foods are convenient. However, people tend to overlook how much sugar, sodium, and chemicals are in processed food before putting them into their body. Processed foods areRead MoreSibling Rivalry And Love Is A Kind Of Animosity Between Two Brothers1240 Words   |  5 Pageskind of animosity between two brothers. It generally starts when two brothers spend more time with each other during their childhood than with their parents. A sibling relationship is often influenced and made complex by factors such as personality, birth order and parental treatment. In adulthood, brothers find their relationship with each other in clashes over unresolved childhood issues such as guilt, financial success and self-esteem. In â€Å"The Richest Brother† Tobias Wolff explores the rivalryRead MoreViolence And Tragedy : Staples Of Journalism1499 Words   |  6 PagesViolence and tragedy are staples of journalism because readers are attracted to gruesome stories and photographs. â€Å"If it bleeds, it leads† is an undesirable rule of thumb. Ethical problems arise for photographers and editors because readers are also repulsed by such events. It is as if readers want to know that tragic circumstances take place, but do not want to face the uncomfortable details. After publication of a controversial picture that shows, for example, dead or grieving victims of violenceRead MoreNotes on Anil766 Words   |  4 PagesAnil by Ridjal Noor Themes Dreams of the future Relationships/ Family – the role of each member of the family Culture Childhood Violence Guilt Repression Fear Love Shame Superstitions: Lack of Education? Morality – what is right/wrong Treatment of women Justice Plot A boy, Anil, lives in Malaysia with his mother father, who is a bully to his family, but timid respectful to his employer, the Headman. It is night-time and he is asleep in a hut with his parents. He needs the toilet but doesn’tRead MoreEssay on Understanding the Mothers in Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club1044 Words   |  5 Pages their attempt to give advice is considered as an intrusion into our lives and our privacy. In The Joy Luck Club, Amy Tan tries to get the reader to take a step back and see the good intentions behind our mothers actions.    In the stories told by Jing-Mei, Tan weaves in flashbacks and memories of Jing-Meis own childhood experiences, including stories she has heard of her mother Suyuans early life in China. These stories help to explain why she teaches her daughter the v alues of optimismRead MoreLiterary Criticism of Everyday Use by Alice Walker1499 Words   |  6 PagesCultural Literature 4/14/08 The book Approaching Literature in the 21st Century by Peter Shackel and Jack Ridl is filled with various themes involving parents and their children. There are three specific stories that focus on mothers and daughters that I will use for this paper. The stories are Daughter of Invention by Julia Alvarez, Everyday Use by Alice Walker and Two Kinds by Amy Tan. These stories are similar in many ways in general, like they all involve a mother who has influenced herRead MoreDo Intelligence Research On Was Psychopaths, Particularly Serial Killers1567 Words   |  7 PagesManipulation, Deception, and Evil, author Pamela Kulbarsh (2012) defines a psychopath as â€Å"a morally depraved individual who represent the ‘monsters’ in our society; an unstoppable and untreatable predator whose violence is planned, purposeful and emotionless† (p.1). While in the article it states that not all psychopaths are law-breakers that is a different story with serial killers hence in the name it says ‘killer’. Serial killers fit most of the aspects of a psychopath including the fact that they inflictRead MoreObesity : The Fight Against Obesity1425 Words   |  6 PagesGoal to improve the cardiovascular health of the nation by 20 °/o.6 Sharing school spaces is also a strategy of the US National Physical Activity Plan,7 an objective of Healthy People 2020,8 and a recommendation of the 2010 White House Task Force on Childhood Obesity,9 and it is in line with recommendations of leading public health authorities.10-12 However, policy recommendations and tools are needed to facilitate and encourage the shared use of school resources. Obesity has been slowly increasing in

List of Ministers and Advisors Free Essays

List of Ministers and Advisors | SL| Name| Designation| Joining Date | Distribution of Ministry/Division | Name| From| To| | | 1| Sheikh Hasina  | Prime Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Armed Forces Division   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | Cabinet Division   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | | Ministry of Defence   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | | Ministry of Public Administration   | 28-04-2011  | Till Date  | | | 2| Mr. Abul Maal Abdul Muhith  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Finance   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | Finance Division   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | | Economic Relations Division   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | | Internal Resources Division   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | | Bank and Financial Division   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | | 3| Begum Matia Chowdhury  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Agriculture   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 4| Mr. Abdul Latif Siddique  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Textiles and Jute   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 5| Barrister Shafique Ahmed  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | Law and Justice Division   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | | Legislative and Parliamentary Affairs Division   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | | Parliament Secretariat   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | | 6| Air Vice Marshal (Rtd. We will write a custom essay sample on List of Ministers and Advisors or any similar topic only for you Order Now ) A K Khandker  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Planning   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | Planning Division   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | | Statistics and Informatics Division   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | | Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation Division   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | | 7| Mr. Rajiuddin Ahmed Raju  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Labour Employment   | 15-09-2012  | Till Date  | | 8| Advocate Shahara Khatun  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Posts and Tele-Communications   | 15-09-2012  | Till Date  | | | Syed Ashraful Islam  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Co-operatives   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | Local Government Division   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | | Rural Development and Co-operatives Division   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | | 10| Engr. Khandker Mosharraf Hossain  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Expatriates’ Welfare and Overseas Employment   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 11| Mr. Suranjit Sen Gupta  | Minister  | 28-11-2011  | Without portfolio. | 17-04-2012  | Till Date  | | 12| Dr. Muhiuddin Khan Alamgir  | Minister  | 15-09-2012  | Ministry of Home Affairs   | 15-09-2012  | Till Date  | 13| Mr. Md. Rezaul Karim Hira  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Land   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 14| Mr. Abul Kalam Azad  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Cultural Affairs   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 15| Mr. Enamul Hoque Mustafa Shaheed  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Social Welfare   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 16| Mr. Dilip Barua  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Industries   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 17| Mr. Obaidul Quader  | Minister  | 28-11-2011  | Ministry of Communications   | 5-12-2011  | Till Date  | | Roads Division   | 5-12-2011  | Till Date  | | | Bridges Division   | 5-11-2011  | Till Date  | | | 18| Mr. Ramesh Chandra Sen  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Water Resources   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 19| Mr. Ghulam Muhammed Quader  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Commerce   | 5-12-2011  | Till Date  | | 20| Mr. Hasanul Haq Inu  | Minister  | 15-09-2012  | Ministry of Information   | 15-09-2012  | Till Date  | | 21| Mr. Muhammad Faruk Khan  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Civil Aviation and Tourism   | 5-12-2011  | Till Date  | | 22| Dr. Md. Abdur Razzaque  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Food   | 15-09-2012  | Till Date  | 23| Dr. Md. Afsarul Ameen  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Primary and Mass Education   | 31-07-2009  | Till Date  | | 24| Dr. A. F. M. Ruhal Haque  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Health and Family Welfare   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 25| Dr. Dipu Moni  | Minister  | 8-01-2009  | Ministry of Foreign Affairs   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 26| Mr. Nurul Islam Nahid  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Education   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 27| Mr. Abdul Latif Biswas  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 28| Mr. Shajahan Khan  | Minister  | 31-07-2009  | Ministry of Shipping   | 31-07-2009  | Till Date  | | 29| Dr. Hasan Mahmud  | Minister  | 28-11-2011  | Ministry of Environment and Forest   | 29-11-2011  | Till Date  | | 30| Mr. Abul Hasan Mahamood Ali  | Minister  | 15-09-2012  | Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief   | 15-09-2012  | Till Date  | | 31| Mr. Mostafa Faruque Mohammed  | Minister  | 15-09-2012  | Ministry of Information Communication Technology   | 15-09-2012  | Till Date  | | 32| Mr. Md. Mazibul Hoque  | Minister  | 15-09-2012  | Ministry of Railways   | 15-09-2012  | Till Date  | | 33| MR. H. T. Imam  | Adviser  | 7-01-2009  | Public Administration Affairs   | 5-06-2011  | Till Date  | | 34| Dr. Mashiur Rahman  | Adviser  | 7-01-2009  | Economic Adviser   | 22-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 35| Professor Dr. Syed Modasser Ali  | Adviser  | 7-01-2009  | Health Family Welfare and Social Welfare Affairs   | 22-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 36| Dr. Alauddin Ahmed  | Adviser  | 7-01-2009  | Education, Social Development and Political Affairs   | 22-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 37| Dr. Tawfiq-E-Elahi Chowdhury, BB  | Adviser  | 14-01-2009  | Adviser to the Hon’ble Prime Minister   | 14-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 8| Dr. Gowher Rizvi  | Adviser  | 9-07-2009  | International Relations Affairs   | 9-07-2009  | Till Date  | | 39| Advocate Mostafizur Rahman  | State Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Land   | 31-07-2009  | Till Date  | | 40| Capt. A B Tajul Islam (Rtd. )  | State Minister  | 6-01-200 9  | Ministry of Liberation War Affairs   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 41| Arch. Yeafesh Osman  | State Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Science and Technology   | 5-12-2011  | Till Date  | | 42| Begum Monnujan Sufian  | State Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Labour ; Employment   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 43| Mr. Dipankar Talukdar  | State Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 44| Mr. Ahad Ali Sarkar  | State Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Youth and Sports   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 45| Advocate Md. Shahjahan Miah  | State Minister  | 24-01-2009  | Ministry of Religious Affairs   | 24-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 46| Advocate Abdul Mannan Khan  | State Minister  | 24-01-2009  | Ministry of Housing and Public Works   | 24-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 47| Advocate Md. Kamrul Islam  | State Minister  | 24-07-2009  | Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs   | 24-01-2009  | Till Date  | | Law and Justice Division   | 24-01-2009  | Till Date  | | | Legislative and Parliamentary Affairs Division   | 24-01-2009  | Till Date  | | | Parliament Secretariat   | 24-01-2009  | Till Date  | | | 48| Advocate Shamsul Hoque Tuku  | State Minister  | 24-01-2009  | Ministry of Home Affairs   | 31-07-2009  | Till Date  | | 49| Advocate Jahangir Kabir Nanak  | State Minister  | 24-01-2009  | Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Co-operatives   | 24-01-2009  | Till Date  | | Local Government Division   | 24-01-2009  | Till Date  | | | Rural Development and Co-operatives Division   | 24-01-2009  | Till Date  | | | 50| Mr. Md. Motahar Hossain  | State Minister  | 24-01-2009  | Ministry of Primary and Mass Education   | 24-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 51| Mr. Muhammad Enamul Huq  | State Minister  | 31-07-2009  | Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources   | 31-07-2009  | Till Date  | | Power Division   | 31-07-2009  | Till Date  | | | Energy and Mineral Resources Division   | 31-07-2009  | Till Date  | | | 52| Mr. Mozibur Rahman Fakir  | State Minister  | 31-07-2009  | Ministry of Health and Family Welfare   | 31-07-2009  | Till Date  | | 53| Mr. Promode Mankin  | State Minister  | 31-07-2009  | Ministry of Social Welfare   | 16-09-2012  | Till Date  | 54| Begum Shirin Sharmin Chaudhury  | State Minister  | 31-07-2009  | Ministry of Women and Children Affairs   | 31-07-2009  | Till Date  | | 55| Mr. Md. Mahabubur Rahaman  | State Minister  | 31-07-2009  | Ministry of Water Resources   | 31-07-2009  | Till Date  | | 5 6| Mr. Omor Faruk Chowdhury  | State Minister  | 15-09-2012  | Ministry of Industries   | 15-09-2012  | Till Date  | | 57| Mr. Md. Abdul Hyee  | State Minister  | 15-09-2012  | Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock   | 15-09-2012  | Till Date  | | 58| Maj. Gen. (Retd) Tarique Ahmed Siddique  | Adviser to the Hon’ble Prime Minister  | 8-01-2009  | | | | | How to cite List of Ministers and Advisors, Papers

Lab Questions free essay sample

Jazz is a musical style that originated at the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern USA. One of the contributions of Latino to the US, Latin jazz gained popularity In the sasss into the late sass. 2. They were the original Mambo Kings In New York In the ? 40? S and are considered the most Innovative and Influential orchestra In the genre. 3. Dizzy Gillespie Incorporated Latin music Into his music by the rhythmical of Latin music with Jazz ND also using Latin musicians in his band. . The Palladium was once a studio in New York but then was home of the mambo where people from different races danced and had fun. 5. The television and films increased the exposure because movies and television shows were exposing some genres of Latin music by dancing and singing in the shows and also in the films. 6. Latin music influenced rock music using some Latin rhythms in their songs to make their song even better. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Questions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 7.Latin sic had such a great influence on the development of popular music because popular music were using some Latin material in their songs and people were amazed to what they were listening to so more and more artists were using Latin rhythms In their music and It sounded great. 8. Well yes because I love dancing so when I listen to some songs to dance to I can hear the Latin material In the songs and It amazes me to know that Latin music Is really a big part of our music culture.

Meaning of Sovereignty and the Extent of Contemporary Nation

Meaning of Sovereignty and the Extent of Contemporary Nation Introduction Sovereignty is supreme authority inferred upon a country or state that makes it immune to jurisdiction outside its boundaries. For sovereignty to be achieved a territory a nation-state must have an effective government that exercises independency from the influences of other governments of other nation-state (McNeely p.38).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Meaning of Sovereignty and the Extent of Contemporary Nation-State Sovereignty specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper discusses the notion of sovereignty as applied to nation-states. The paper first examines the definition and concepts of sovereignty and then explores the application of sovereignty in the contemporary world. This paper notes that sovereignty has been overly responsible for the relative peace stability and prosperity among nation-states; however, there is a new form of war that exists within territories of nation-states, among vario us nation-states, that is threatening their capacity to exercise authority hence, their sovereignty. Other than the internal threat to sovereignty, nation-states are also losing their classical form of sovereignty to emerging multinational corporations and international organizations that exercise their authority of decision-making beyond traditional territorial boundaries. Contemporary nation-states are no longer sovereign if the classical definition of sovereignty is considered. This paper therefore offers a brief analysis of the contemporary view of sovereignty. Classical Definition of Sovereignty Sovereignty is an idea of supremacy and depends on the expression of absolute supremacy to suffice. The idea has been in existence as long as the formation of state boundaries goes. It forms the essence of having state boundaries to differentiate a state’s sovereignty from another (R. H. Jackson ix). Sovereignty forms the epicentre of political and legal application of the world. Initial conception of sovereignty occurred during the controversies and wars that engulfed seventeenth-century Europe and has evolved and spread in the present world (R. H. Jackson ix).Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the formation and organization of contemporary nation-states, state sovereignty forms the foundation. The sovereignty of the state follows opposite ideals from those followed by theocratic and transnational idea present in the medieval times such as the Latin Christendom. Sovereignty now extends across religions, cultures, languages, race and other divisions of humanity. With the advent of sovereignty as a global authority system, people can no longer live outside any jurisdiction of a sovereign state as was possible before the wide adoption of state sovereignty. Nation-state sovereignty is a political and legal of a state within a system that is r ecognized by other states. Origin of Sovereignty Kings and rulers, to respond to the circumstances facing their authority, in the sixteenth and seventeenth century Europe (Devenney p.154), worked out the idea of sovereignty. Further notable refinement of the idea of sovereignty was undertaken after the World War I. Allies in the war discussed very little about their goals and principles apart from military objectives and there was no clear distinction of the two sides in the war in terms of what was their view of the international order after the war. Each country in the war had its own intentions and coalitions developed based on superficial agreements. The US president Woodrow Wilson intervened on the arrangement of the Allied forces and came up with a statement of principles to differentiate each ally among themselves and from the central powers. Wilson declared that the war was as an end to all wars by formulating a balance of power, and creation of self-determination and democr acy for the world populations. Wilson defined a legitimate nation as one with a defined national population and with a government accountable to its people (Barkin and Cronin p.120). Britain and France eventually accepted the ideas brought up by Wilson after the war as the basis to form an international order. France in particular proposed a post war settlement that rests peace on the principles of self-determination and the protection of minority rights.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Meaning of Sovereignty and the Extent of Contemporary Nation-State Sovereignty specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Britain agreed that a lasting peace required the recognition of the sanctity of treaties, territorial dispute resolution based on self-determination and the establishment of international organizations that will thwart possibilities of future wars. Germany also turned to the program laid down by the president of the United States on the verge of their defeat (Barkin and Cronin p 121). The Principle stating that people should not be bartered from sovereignty to sovereignty came into play when Germany freed its former colonies and placed them in the protective wing of the League of Nations, which later appointed various nations as guardians (Barkin and Cronin p. 122). State Sovereignty The holder of sovereignty has authority in form of the right to command and the right to enjoy obedience within the boundaries where the jurisdiction is applicable (Phillpot para. 5). Territory is a principle of defining community members and offers a powerful definition that surpasses identity. All people inside a state fall under the authority of the state’s ruler. Modern sovereigns assume supremacy within geographical territories (Phillpot para. 7). Sovereignty exists in a plural form of many sovereign states in the world. The manner in which there states exercise their sovereignty is in relation to other sovere ign states. The political map of the world is only formed by states that demonstrate a sovereign authority. It might be argued that sovereignty can be shared such as the case of the European Union’s legal and political authority; however, this does not amount to supremacy because individual countries making the EU retain territorial sovereignty to address vital questions like peace and security (R. H. Jackson). Sovereignty has two dimensions, the inside of a territory where everybody within the territory subscribes to the authority of the government of the territory and the outside or external environment of the authority where its independence is tolerated and unharmed by other sovereigns.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A colonial government does not possess supremacy of decision in the world politics and therefore is not a sovereign state. It has to rely on external authority from its imperial powers to carryout commercial relations or declare war (Nash p.27). The authority of sovereignty has two absolutes. It either exists or does not. In the same manner, supremacy is also categorical, such that a government is either supreme or not supreme. However, power possessed by sovereigns is relative. It is a capacity to act concerning the activities of a government in relation to other activities involved. All governments have power structures to carry out decisions and policies. The extensiveness of the structures at the disposal of a government to exercise its authority within its boundaries sum up to its capacity, however the capacity does not give the government authority. Before the World War I, governments could assume authority by exercising their powers beyond their territories and colonize popul ations but the ability to use power to get authority became unlawful after the war (R. H. Jackson p.14-16). The recognition of treaties and independence of states makes all aggressions against other states unlawful and illegitimate. In the same manner that authority does not come out of power, it does not diminish in the absence of power. Weak governments are still sovereign. The argument of whether a state is strong or weak does not constitute the definition of sovereignty. Sovereignty is a matter of freedom from legal subordination to another authority (R. H. Jackson p. 16). For example, Mexico is a sovereign country and is a far weaker power economically and militarily than the United States. The difference in power significantly bears on the international relations of the two countries however; the power difference does not withdraw sovereignty of Mexico. Contemporary View of Sovereignty As an idea, sovereignty is evolving and the contemporary understanding of the idea is not th e same as the initial understanding in the sixteenth century (J. H. Jackson p. 788). The linkages also involve international organizations like the International Monetary Fund (IMF). These and other related reasons make the reader question the relevancy of sovereignty. The erosion of the idea of sovereignty as evidenced above does not warrant a total elimination of the principles that it. Instead, a new approach to understanding the extent of sovereignty is required. The antiquate version of sovereignty does not exist. The version of sovereignty that dwells on absolute supremacy of authority over subjects within a territory unchallenged by any higher law unless the nation consents in a meaningful way is antique. Subscription of the idea of sovereignty is not applicable in totality. The relative peace enjoyed in the world in the last two centuries has can be attributed to the concepts of sovereignty of nations. Sovereignty has cultivated world order through legal protections against any type of external intervention. It also forms the core of recognition of treaties, how international organizations are formed as well as how international law is developed. Without sovereignty, there would be no clear channel for representatives and market economies to emerge in many nations. In the contemporary world, sovereignty still serves as the basis of democracy, prosperity and peace. An Allocation of Power Analysis of Sovereignty The practical use of sovereignty today rests in the allocation of power of governments to make decisions. This means that certain set of decisions are supposed to take place at a nation-state level and not in the international level. To further understand this concept, the reader may ask is it is okay for governmental decisions to be made in Geneva or Washington, D.C. when the two cities are not within the territory of the government in question. In the current global politics power is allocated exclusively to state governments who then relinquis h some of it to international bodies through treaties and other international agreements. Allocation of power occurring among states is termed vertical allocation while subsidiarity of power within state entities like legislature, the executive and judiciary is termed horizontal power allocation. The decision on how to allocate power depends on answers to questions raised. Answers to problems facing a single area within a state like street lighting require allocation of power within the state entities however; complex issues such as food safety standards for the integrated global market efficiency pose deeper decision challenges on where to allocate decision-making power. A set of values are considered when looking at the task of allocating decision-making power. First, the reasons why governmental action at an international level is desired are formulated. In the case of international standardization, governments finds themselves in situations where failure to coordinate internatio nally leads to a damage for the states and others. Economically, factor mobility of capital and labour warrants placement of decision-making power on a higher level than the government. Environmental concerns also bring up reasons for having a bigger than state institution to make decisions mainly because environmental concerns are global commons and degradation in one part has negative externalities on another. Trade issues of monopoly may also form reasons to consider allocation of power at a higher hierarchical order than the state government (J. H. Jackson p. 782). Secondly, the principle of subsidiarity forms another value factor for allocating state power. This principle arises from the catholic philosophy of the nineteenth and early twentieth century (J. H. Jackson p. 782). It advocates for allocating decision-making power to the lowest level of state hierarchy in the interaction with constituents on the belief that only the state entities at the closest to constituents know the needs of the constituents. Accountability at the lowest government is guaranteed because decisions made directly affect constituents. The notion of subsidiarity was the basis of various movements for decolonization in the nineteenth century (J. H. Jackson p. 793). John H. Jackson discusses the modern interpretation of sovereignty as a focus on subsidiarity. He notes that subsidiarity proposes that government functions are allocated within a hierarchical government institution framework to those most near the constituents (Amar p.1427-1429). He attributes these anomalies to the division of sovereignty to facilitate diplomatic compromise. Furthermore, he concludes that the concept of sovereignty appears to be misleading and affords politicians and the media an excuse to avoid complex thinking about real policies involved in international relations (J. H. Jackson p. 788). Thirdly, there are factor values that support both subsidiarity and higher allocation of power. Such a factor a rises when the discussion centres on a particular issue and leadership divisions emerge on whether to use state entities on top of the power hierarchy or at the bottom. For example, a policy to prevent a government misuse of power might receive arguments for implementation at an international level however; those arguing against such a move will point out the chances of power misuse at the international level brought out by increased bureaucracy. The essence of having a power analysis is to overcome hypocrisy that surrounds the concepts of sovereignty. The analysis has pointed out other factors that concern the sovereignty of a state, other than the core authority issues. Sovereignty in contemporary world faces various challenges brought out by instant communication, fast and cheap transportation, weapons of mass destruction and emerging viral diseases. A new concept of sovereignty is required to cope with these and other emerging challenges (J. H. Jackson p. 799-802). The Modern Th reats of Classical Nation-State Sovereignty Gangs There is a silent war going on in part of the major continents of the world. The protagonists of the war have been designated are street gangs and their allies. The new war is undermining national sovereignty of the affected countries daily. The illicit commercial motives of these gangs have become a portentous political agenda (Jouvenel p.98). This paper has discussed state sovereignty based on the concept of supreme authority within a territory and the independence from other authorities outside the nation-state. The kind of gangs referred here do not undermine state sovereignty by interfering with its independence through a major coup or in prolonged revolutionary wars as has been observed with insurgents and rebel groups. Instead, gangs take control of a street at a time, a business at a time or a government office at a time. When governments fail to extend their legitimate sovereign presence throughout their national territory, they leave a vacuum that gang, cartels, insurgents and other power competing interests to operate. The gangs and other illegitimate groups challenge the state authority in the following five major ways as described by Manwaring (p.10-11). Gangs strain governments’ capacity and therefore power to exercise its authority. They undermine the principle of sovereignty as the right to be obeyed by subjects within a territorial boundary. Secondly, gangs challenge the legitimacy of the state especially where the state is unable to exercise jurisdiction due to corruption challenges and an inferior political system that does not function well to provide basic goods and services for its constituents. Thirdly, the challenge of sovereignty come to play when gangs act as surrogate governments in the areas ungoverned by the legitimate government due to inadequate capacity. Fourth, these gangs dominate the informal economic sector, form business that do not fall under formal state regulation and use coercion and co-optation of government authorities so that they have an upper hand in the competition with legitimate businesses. The slow and indirect means that gangs undermine state authority within its boundaries result to a gradual sliding of the state to failure where the state loses all capacity and will to exercise its authority within its territory through state entities (Manwaring p.14-16). Empires To abandon sovereignty entirely is not feasible because it forms the fabric of international law. However, the modern world has numerous examples in which sovereignty in its classical definition faces neglect (J. H. Jackson p.788). A new form of sovereignty is emerging in the global world that supersedes the sovereignty of individual nations. Shumaker (p.92) has named this new form of sovereignty; an empire, because its authority moves traditional territorial boundaries and is only limited by mobile or temporary boundaries. In the globalized world empires exist in milita ry formation, international trade formation and political formations. The nature of the formation of the empire determines the extent of sovereignty that the empire exercises. An empire succeeds a combination of monarchy, aristocracy and democracy such that it assumes different characteristics of each type of government at any single time. In military conflict the pentagon as the military arm of the United States rules over the world with its array of weapons of mass and vast destruction (Khagram p.110). International economic institutions like the World Bank and World Trade Organization also fit the description of monarch empires when they exercise their jurisdiction beyond traditional boundaries (J. H. Jackson p. 789). Aristocracy tendencies of empires appear when few elitist states govern the flow of economic affairs of the world as well as international governance. Such an empire exists in form of the G8 meetings or the UN Security Council meetings and the exercise of their auth ority, which covers other states that have no capacity to exercise the same authority (Schumaker p.92). International corporations also act as aristocracies by monopolizing trade in certain types of goods by controlling all production levels of the good around the globe. These corporations are able to determine how domestic policies of a country shape up through the influence of capital inflows to the countries. Major world corporations like Wal-Mart, Coca Cola and General Electric have turnovers that dwarf the GDP of some developing countries (Baker, Gamble and Seawright p.400). Lastly, empires demonstrate democratic characteristics when they claim to represent the global population even though such a claim is often illusionary (Schumaker p.92). Nation-states forming the membership of the United Nations are assumed to represent the interest of their individual populations (Nash p.46-48). An empire therefore claims sovereignty over existing sovereign nation-states. Now nations canno t claim absolute independence from other sovereign states because there is a higher authority that oversees the various implementation of jurisdiction among nation-states. The dominant nation-states of the world enjoy a higher level of sovereignty than the subordinate nation-states. The transformation of the global sovereignty from individual nation-states to global empires such as international institutions has only been effective for dominant nation-states. In some cases, national sovereignty was not a reality, as countries claiming to be sovereign did not have capacity to exercise independent authority within their territories. The undermining of authority was brought up by reliance on dominant nation-states for governance assistance that came with influence of domestic affairs and international commitments to suit those of the dominant nation-state (Devenney p.92). Conclusion The classical definition of sovereignty specifies the need for a nation-state to have independence in ex ercising authority within its territorial boundaries. The exercise of this authority is categorical and is determined by the power or capacity that the nation-state has. Any threat to the authority exercised by the nation-state within its boundaries amounts to a threat to its sovereignty. Therefore, in the contemporary world characterised by international organizations, multinational corporations whose jurisdiction extends beyond traditional territorial borders, nation-states cease to be sovereign in the absolute sense of the idea of sovereignty (Opello and Rosow p.94). Amar, Akhil Reed. â€Å"Of Sovereignty and Federalism.† 1987. Faculty Schorlaship Series. Web. Baker, David, Andrew Gamble and David Seawright. â€Å"Soveriegn nations and global markets: mordern British Concervatism and hyperglobalism.† British Journal of Politics and International Relations 4.3 (2002): 399-428. Barkin, Samuel and Bruce Cronin. â€Å"The State and the Nation: Changing Norms and the R ules of Sovereignty in International Relations.† International Organization 48.1 (1994): 107-130. Devenney, Mark. Ethics and politica in contemporary thoery: between critical theory and post marxism. London: Routledge, 2004. Jackson, John H. â€Å"Sovereignty-Mordern: A new approach to an outdated concept.† The American Journal of International Law 97 (2003): 782-802. Jackson, Robert H. Sovereignty: evolution of an idea. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2007. Jouvenel, Bertrand de. Sovereignty: an inquiry into the political good. London: The Syndics of The Cambridge University Press, 1957. Khagram, Sanjeev. â€Å"Possible Future Architectures of Global Governance: A Transnational Perspective/Prospective.† Global Governance 12 (2006): 97-177. Manwaring, Max G. â€Å"A Contemporary challenge to state sovereignty: gangs and other illicit transnational criminal organizations in central America, El Salvador, Mexico, Jamaica and Brazil.† 2007. Strategic Studies Inst itute. Web. McNeely, Connie L. Constructing the nation-state: international organization and prescriptive Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1995. Nash, Kate. Contemporary Political Sociology: Globalization, Politics and Power. West Sussex: Blackwell Publishers, 2010. Opello, Walter C Jr. and Stephen Rosow. The Nation-State and Global Order: A Historical Introduction to Contemporary Politics. 2nd. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2004. Phillpot, Dan. â€Å"Sovereignty.† n.d. The Stanford Encyclopedea of Philosophy(Summer 2010 Edition). Web. Schumaker, Paul. The Political Theory Reader. West Sussex: Blackwell Publishing, 2010.

Frank Lloyd Wrights Plan for a Fireproof House

Frank Lloyd Wright's Plan for a Fireproof House Perhaps it was the 1906 earthquake and great fire in San Francisco that eventually inspired Frank Lloyd Wrights April 1907 Ladies Home Journal (LHJ) article, A Fireproof House for $5000. Dutch-born Edward Bok, LHJ editor-in-chief from 1889 to 1919, saw great promise in Wrights early designs. In 1901 Bok published Wrights plans for A Home in a Prairie Town and A Small House with Lots of Room in It. The articles, including the fireproof house, included sketches and floor plans designed exclusively for the LHJ. Its no wonder that the journal was the first magazine in the world to have one million subscribers. The design for the fireproof house is very Wright- simple and modern, somewhere between Prairie style and Usonian. By 1910 Wright was comparing what he called the concrete house of The Ladies Home Journal with his other flat-roofed, concrete projects, including Unity Temple. Characteristics of Wrights 1907 Fireproof House Simple Design: The floor plan shows a typical American Foursquare, popular at the time. With four sides of equal dimensions, concrete forms could be made once and used four times. To give the house visual width or depth, a simple trellis has been added, extending from the entrance. Center stairs near the entrance provide easy access to all parts of the house. This house is designed with no attic, but includes a dry, well-lighted basement storeroom. Concrete Construction: Wright was a great promoter of reinforced concrete construction- especially as it became more affordable for homeowners. Changing industrial conditions have brought reenforced concrete construction within the reach of the average home-maker, Wright claims in the article. The steel and masonry material provides not only fire protection, but also protection from dampness, heat, and cold. A structure of this type is more enduring than if carved intact from solid stone, for it is not only a masonry monolith but interlaced with steel fibres as well. For those unfamiliar with the process of working with this building material, Wright described that you make the forms using narrow flooring smoothed on the side toward the concrete and oiled. This would make the surface smooth. Wright wrote: In the composition of the concrete for the outside walls only finely-screened birds-eye gravel is used with cement enough added to fill the voids. This mixture is put into the boxes quite dry and tamped. When the forms are removed the outside is washed with a solution of hydrochloric acid, which cuts the cement from the outer face of the pebbles, and the whole surface glistens like a piece of grey granite. Flat, Concrete Slab Roof: The walls, floors and roof of this house, writes Wright, are monolithic casting, formed in the usual manner by means of wooden, false work, the chimney at the centre carrying, like a huge post, the central load of floor and roof construction. Five-inch thick reinforced gravel concrete creates fireproof floors and a roof slab that overhangs to protect the walls. The roof is treated with tar and gravel and  angled to drain not over the cold edges of the house, but into a downspout near the winter-warm center chimney. Closable Eaves: Wright explains that To afford further protection to the second-story rooms from the heat of the sun a false ceiling is provided of plastered metal lath hanging eight inches below the bottom of the roof slab, leaving a circulating air space above, exhausted to the large open space in the centre of the chimney. Controlling the air circulation in this space (by a simple device reached from the second-story windows) is a familiar system used today in fire-prone areas- left open in summer and closed in winter and for protection from blowing embers. Plaster Interior Walls: All the interior partitions are of metal lath plastered both sides, writes Wright, or of three-inch tile set upon the floor slabs after the reinforced concrete construction is complete. After coating the inside surfaces of the outside concrete walls with a non-conducting paint, or lining them with a plaster-board, the whole is plastered two coats with a rough sand finish. The interior is trimmed with light wood strips nailed to small, porous terra-cotta blocks, which are set into the forms at the proper points before the forms are filled with the concrete. Metal Windows: Wrights design for a fireproof house includes casement windows, swinging outward....The outer sash might at no very great additional expense be made of metal. Minimal Landscaping: Frank Lloyd Wright fully believed that his design could stand on its own. As an added grace in summer foliage and flowers are arranged for as a decorative feature of the design, the only ornamentation. In winter the building is well proportioned and complete without them. Known Examples of Frank Lloyd Wright Fireproof Houses 1908: Stockman Museum, Mason City, Iowa1915: Edmund F. Brigham House, Glencoe, Illinois1915: Emil Bach House, Chicago, Illinois Resources and Further Reading Edward Bok, Bok Tower Gardens National Historic Landmark website Frank Lloyd Wright On Architecture: Selected Writings (1894-1940), Frederick Gutheim, ed., Grossets Universal Library, 1941, p. 75 A Fireproof House for $5000, by Frank Lloyd Wright, Ladies Home Journal, April 1907, p. 24. A copy of the article was on the website of the Stockman House Museum, River City Society for Historic Preservation, Mason City, IA at www.stockmanhouse.org/lhj.html [accessed August 20, 2012]Visit the Emil Bach House at gowright.org/visit/bachhouse.html, Frank Lloyd Wright Preservation TrustGlencoes Notable Architecture, The Village of Glencoe; Antique Home Style has reproduced A Fireproof House for $5000 [accessed October 5, 2013]

Why are there relatively few women in top managerial positions and Essay

Why are there relatively few women in top managerial positions and what steps might be taken to overcome the obstacles they face - Essay Example Gender discrimination, bias, sexual harassment, cultural, social and conventional factors all led women not to prefer management career line. This work analyses what measures can be taken in order to bring women in to the management mainstream. People think ‘men’ when they think of ‘management’ has been discussed for long by researchers, managements and organizations. Historically, the social attitudes towards ‘women management’ had prohibited most women from becoming managers in functional areas of management. The assumption that women are not as better suited for management traits as men had been, until recently, rarely questioned and seldom explored. Even though most perceive that not only men but women are also capable of management traits, why there are few women in management has been a matter of relevant discussion. This work analyses the reasons why there are few women in management positions and what measures need to be taken in order to bring women managers in to the mainstream. Surveys and researches conducted throughout different countries have proved that women in management are fewer disproportionately to the rate of population and education. There continues to be a great disparity in women representation in management when compared to the number of women educated. Women around the world now represent about more than 40% of the total workforce, but their roles in management and leadership remained comparatively low. According to Sanghamitra Buddhapriya (1999), organizational roles have been traditionally gendered. Certain levels and positions have been considered to be more appropriate to women or men. The gendered aspect made men with occupying dominance over women. (p. 3). Those who have reached some higher level managerial positions are constantly being challenged by ever changing working environment. For women managers and leaders, the affirmation and support from a larger community remains still uncommon. Three

Methodology and Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Methodology and Analysis - Essay Example In effect, the researcher employed the use of comprehensive literature review to serve the purpose of qualitative data collection. For the quantitative method, the researcher made use of primary data collection, which required the collection of first hand data from an identified research setting. The research setting comprised the IT systems development environment where the researcher made use of IT students, IT engineers, IT employees, and other IT experts. The primary data collection took place by designing a questionnaire, which contained questions on various thematic areas, relating to the purpose of the study. There were two major components of the questionnaire. The first sought to collect general background data or information on the respondents. Examples of these had to do with their nationality, years of experience in the field of IT and their role in software system. The second part contained questions on the actual hypotheses that the researcher was testing. ... This means that when repeated with the same variables, the research must produce the same results within different locations or settings. Now, with the combination of questionnaire and literature review, the researcher was offered the opportunity of testing the results gathered through primary data collection with data from secondary sources. In effect, it was possible to internally check for consistency of responses and how they conformed to universally accepted standards. With the questionnaire as an independent data collection tool, the advantage that it offered the researcher was that it made quantitative data analysis very easy. This is because almost all the questions posed were closed ended questions, requiring the respondents to select their answers from given options (Kimberly, 2009). This way, it was possible to easily quantify the answers into mathematical indexes. What is more, the literature review was very useful in collecting highly authenticated data because options o f researchers were compared and contrasted with each other before making personalized conclusions to suit the research problem. 3.3 Shortfalls of other available Research Methods Apart from the use of literature review and questionnaire, there are other research methodologies that the researcher could employ in the data collection process. However, these were not selected because they do not pose merits and advantages that surpassed the ones that the questionnaire and literature review offered. Two of these research methodologies that the researcher could fall on are interview and field observation. An interview is a question and answer session that a

Ethics Training in Criminal Justice Organisations

Ethics Training in Criminal Justice Organisations Significance Application in Criminal Justice Law enforcement organizations nationwide adhere to strict hiring standards mandated by certification commissions that seek out individuals with the highest moral values (Fortenbery, 2015). Its important to have individuals that will be able to treat individuals with the respect they are due, regardless of the situation. It is stated that police seek and preserve public favor not by catering to the public opinion but by constantly demonstrating absolute impartial service to the law (Fortenbery, 2015). Officers should be able to uphold as well as obey the laws that they are trying to enforce. There is an importance to make sure that these officers receive ethics training to stay on course with the guidelines of dealing with ethical behavior within their profession. And true, due to the fact that we are dealing with human beings, there is a chance of corruption and unethical behavior. So with that being said, the organization as a whole, needs to make sure they are doing what is necessa ry to decrease unethical behavior as well as misconduct. Well when it comes to creating strategies that will be accountable for ethical training, this should be an easy task. As we should know, values have a way of influencing ones attitude as do ones attitude can bear influence on ones behavior (Kerns, 2003). So when it comes to strategies, these values should be incorporated. To begin, having wisdom and knowledge is being able to use information you have and make it useful. Wisdom comes into play when you can use knowledgeable information to make decisions that will result in the greater good. Basically, to do the right thing when facing an ethical dilemma is knowing what to do, knowing the difference between right and wrong (Kerns, 2003). Then there is the strategy of self-control. This simply means that an individual can control themselves in an ethical manner to keep a situation in control. In other words, they dont get hot headed and blow of the handle. Next, one will need justice and fair guidance. With this strategy, an individual must treat others fairly. When others have the feeling of being treated fairly, justice at that moment is served. One must realize that people just want a fair chance. They dont want to be judged due to a technicality that others feel a certain way about them. People do make mistakes because as we all know; no one is perfect. Transcendence would be another strategy to enforce. You as an individual would have to understand that there is something greater than just you alone. Simply put, you are putting institutional and/or stakeholders interest above self-interests. The individual will also need to be able to show love and kindness. Treating people in a kind way helps increase an abundance of affection and love. This too will lead to recognizing and encouraging others for their contributions (Kerns, 2003). Finally, the individual needs to have courage and integrity. Ethics requires the courage to do the r ight things consistently without regard to personal consequences. One will be able to make unpopular decisions based on fair consideration of the facts (Kerns, 2003). When it comes to an organization creating expectations for moral conduct, this is a task that most can handle. Moral conduct is the principal of human behavior that promotes orderly and peaceful existence in a community as well as in the workplace. Once and individual has accepted a position within an organization, they are given moral conduct guidelines and rules. Within these guidelines, it precisely explains the dos and the donts of an organization. Individuals are normally given some sort of merit raises when all these guidelines are followed as well as other goals are also achieved. Basically, your supervisor will explain to you what they expect from you from the start. You are also given guidelines as to the way employees should carry themselves while on the campus of that organization. You are also explained the consequences of your actions that are not in accordance with the conduct. So at this point, there is not any reason one should be doing things that are not allowed acc ording to organizations rules. The organization itself will inform you that they are keeping tabs on how you carry yourself and as well as how you respond to others. This is a way to keep all employees on the same page and for them to also be aware that monitoring of your moral conduct is crucial. The organization has to make sure that all rules are followed and that their customers and upper management are receiving quality service from their employees. As we know, when your work with an organization, in order to get raises, you have to perform well. In order to get this achieved, there has to be a program evaluation set in place. This evaluation is a systematic assessment of the results of program efforts to measure actual outcomes against the intended outcomes of the program; to discover achievement and results; to discover deviations from planned achievements; to judge the worth of the program; to identify unintended consequences; and to recommend expansion, contraction, elimination, or modification of a program (Kirchner, Przybylski, Cardella, 1994). Being able to measure the impact of job performances when it comes to the relation of the goals and objectives they have set out to achieve, means there must be performance indicators involved. These indicators are defined as a way of showing the results of the effort expected. These indicators may be quantitative or qualitative. A quantitative indicator can be expressed as a single measure or a degree of change. Qualitative indicators can be used where quantitative measures are not feasible (Kirchner, Przybylski, Cardella, 1994). With this evaluation in place, leaders will be able to see the areas that have improved as well as the areas that need improving. They will also be able to keep track of each employees status based off the information that has been retained for these individuals. On down the line, the department itself will be able to weed out the good ones as well as the ones that would not be a good fit for the department. This will also help the department run much smoo ther as well as with order in place. People within will be able to provide more useful behavior than the negativity of unwanted behavior. In conclusion, it is the upmost of importance to have an agency that carries the upmost respect for its community. For the people of the community to have respect, the agency must be able to show it. The main goal is to basically treat people the way you want to be treated. And in return for the agency providing a good job, the employees should be rewarded for a job well done. For the most part, the agency will get the recognition it deserves. References Fortenbery, Jay, M.J.A., (2015). Developing Ethical Law Enforcement Leaders: A Plan of  Action. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Retrieved from https://leb.fbi.gov/2015/may/developing-ethical-law-enforcement-leaders-a-plan-of-action Kerns, Charles D. (2003). Creating and Sustaining and Ethical Workplace Culture. Graziadio  Business Review. Retrieved from https://gbr.pepperdine.edu/2010/08/creating-and-sustaining-an-ethical-workplace-culture/ Kirchner, R., Przybylski, R., Cardella, R. (1994). Assessing the Effectiveness of Criminal  Justice Programs. Retrieved from http://www.jrsa.org/pubs/reports/handbook1.html

Aifs Case Havard Business School Essay

1. What gives rise to the currency exposure at AIFS? 2. What would happen if Archer-Lock and Tabaczynski did not hedge at all? 3. What would happen with a 100% hedge with forwards? A 100% hedge with options? Use the forecast final sales volume of 25,000 and analyze the possible outcomes relative to the ‘zero impact’ scenario described in the case. complete the spreadsheet.. 4. What happens if sales volumes are lower or higher than expected as outlined at the end of the case? 5. What hedging decision would you advocate? ANS 1: American Institute for foreign Study (AIFS) had two divisions. 1. The College division, 2. High School travel division. From the college division the students are sent to different parts of the world for semester long courses. From the second division the high school students as well as their teachers are sent for 1-4 week trips worldwide. More than 50000 students are sent out of the country each year on academic as well as cultural exchange programmes. For these two events AIFS requires different currencies other than American dollars. When AIFS got major percentage of its revenue in American Dollars it has to expend most in Euros and British Pounds. If there will be any exchange rate volatility, there will be currency mismatch. This gives currency exposure at AIFS. Ans-2 If Archer-Lock and Tabaczynski would not hedge at all, they had to face the below three risks. i) Bottom line risk: When there will be an adverse move of the exchange rate, there may be an increase in the cost base. If dollar depreciates, they have to pay more for unit dollar of Euro. ii) Volume Risk: They have to buy foreign currency six months before keeping some predicted value of future sales in mind. If the actual value differs from the predicted one, there may be a chance of loss. iii) Competitive pricing risk: They fix their price through the catalog and once price is fixed it difficult to change the price even if there may be a depreciation of dollars. This may result in a huge loss to their business. Ans-3: Refer excel-sheet :QUES-3† Ans-4: Refer excel sheet: â€Å"4-Sales Volume 30000† and â€Å"4-Sales Volume 10000† Ans-5 According to Tabaczynski, the probability of the times that one gains from how the hedging is done, is same as one may losing by doing so in the long run. Hedging by options is a better way to do so as in adverse situations you will only lose the premium amount you have paid. At the same time the company has not to pay any premium and may be benefitted by using futures, but there is a fear of huge loss that can be avoided by using options. So we will advice AIFS to hedge 50% with options and 50% with futures. In this hedging, the loss from the one type of hedging will be compensated by the other to some extent.

The Issue Of Human Sex Trafficking - 1262 Words

The innocence of a child is a cherished value held in the heart of all children. All children deserve the purest of education and care, completely free of coercion and threat. Through the twisted criminal act of human trafficking, innocent children are placed into a modern day act of slavery. Though the thought of enslaving children is shocking, the issue of human sex trafficking is still well alive and rising in the United States. In efforts to raise awareness and inform the public of this heinous act, it is important to identify the issue of human sex trafficking, capture the johns while raising awareness, and to provide rehabilitation for the victims. Human sex trafficking is demoralizing and harmful to the children that the act affects; the young female children are sold and exploited which eventually causes them to have mental issues. Toddler to adolescent females are frequently captured and kidnapped by mongrels to be sold for sex; this dehumanizing act is known as human traffi cking, a growing criminal activity in the United States. Children are forced into selling their bodies on an everyday basis involuntarily by the johns and pimps who have coerced them into this 21st century slave trade. According to Lippman, an author from the New York Times, those who are unfortunate enough to be forced into the commercial sex trade are often physically and verbally abused by the johns (Lippman 2013). Through the process of being traded and sold, the young girls lose theirShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Human And Sex Trafficking1272 Words   |  6 Pagescome next is trapped in your head. What? How? Who? Is all you ask yourself. You become a lost soul who s left without any hope for a better tomorrow. 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